2016年5月26日 星期四

「智慧用電管理」之重要性


本校目前僅有一個多年建置的電能管理系統監測學校部份變電站之用電數據,近期則在全區電力變電站裝設多功能收集器、電能管理監控伺服器配電盤、遠距離即時顯示警報模組、遠端操控連線與電力品質分析等,可透過網路通信傳輸與電力監控管理系統,管理各監視點之用電品質及用電量。

然而,整個校區共有124具計費電錶,分佈於71棟大樓的各系所,均屬舊型機械式電錶,每月還是需花費2天時間人工抄錶,人力成本高,亦無法得知每日、每週的用電趨勢,造成各大樓用電管理不易。另外,目前也缺少「建築物能源管理系統(Building Energy Management System, BEMS)」,無法進行即時的建築物內實際使用能源數據蒐集並進一步加以分析,也就無法建立並選擇最適化的能源使用配置方式。

所以,此計畫首要目標就是建置智慧型數位電錶,降低維運的人力成本,並且能做到更有效的用電狀況統計。但由於約有50顆計費電錶位於戶外,要再鋪設實體網路線恐需開挖馬路,並且會有距離過長、後續維護困難、成本過高等種種問題。所以,這些電表的佈建將會結合LoRa這種低功耗廣域網路技術,以此少量資料且長距離傳輸的絕佳解決方案,在校園內設立一個LoRa基地台即涵蓋整個校園的傳訊。

而系統規劃方向則是朝向智慧型能源管理系統發展,不但能納管智慧電錶,更能透過Modbus/BACnet/LonWorks等工業標準協定,納管各式子系統,如空調系統、給排水系統、熱水系統、太陽光電系統、LED路燈、電力系統等範圍,無需多套系統增加人力成本與採購成本,讓此系統成為永續校園能源智慧管理之基石。採用智慧型解決方案將能有三大優點: 一是用於收集並建立即時能耗資料,以利管理人員加以瀏覽,並且利用能源計量資訊進行用電分析;二是用以統計與分析能耗資料,管理人員藉此比對與分析能源使用情形,進而調整能源分配策略,以期提高校園節能成效;三是需量控制與用電規劃,據以制定需量合約電價、用電設備自動化復載/卸載規劃,以及依據用電設備負荷量施以自動卸載或復載,以確保需量不致逾越契約容量。

根據相關研究,建築物若能落實電力節能改善,平均約有15%~20%之節能潛力,不但能有效率的使用電力能源,更可減少電力能源費用支出。而且隨著網際網路的普及,電力管理也不再是單點的各別管理,透過網路的連結,不但能建構跨校園建築物的電源管理系統來監控並改善電力消耗,更能確保高效的能源使用。



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